Ruy Lopez · C62

Steinitz Defense, after 4. d4

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4. d4

The pawns on d4 and e5 stand in direct tension - the first player to resolve it chooses the structure. Bb5 pressures the knight that guards e5; White plays the long game - c3, d4, and the b1-knight's tour to g3 - while Black holds the centre and hits back with ...b5 and ...c5. Black's knight on c6 is pinned against the king.

The first 4 moves, explained

• 1. e4 Stakes a claim in the centre, controlling d5, and frees the bishop and queen.
• 1... e5 Stakes a claim in the centre, controlling d4, and frees the bishop and queen.
• 2. Nf3 Develops the knight to f3, eyeing d4 and e5.
• 2... Nc6 Develops the knight to c6, eyeing d4 and e5. It also props up the e5 pawn.

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